ISCA Archive Interspeech 2025
ISCA Archive Interspeech 2025

A real-time MRI study on asymmetry in velum dynamics during VCV production with nasal sounds

Chetan Sharma, Vaishnavi Chandwanshi, Shreya Shrikant Karkun, Aditya Anand Gupta, Prasanta Kumar Ghosh

Velum movement controls airflow through nasal passage enabling production of nasal sound. The asymmetry in velum dynamics during velum lowering vs raising is not well understood, although several studies on asymmetry of other articulators exist. In this study of asymmetry in velum dynamics, we use real-time MRI videos of 68 speakers speaking symmetric vowel-consonant-vowel (VCV) sequence with V being vowels (/a/, /i/, /u/) and C being nasals (/m/, /n/). The asymmetry is analyzed in terms of the extent and speed of velum movement. The study reveals that the extent of velum displacement is significantly higher (by a factor of ~2) during V-C transition (velum lowering) compared to that during C-V transition (velum raising) for all six vowel and nasal combinations chosen. It is also found that the speed with which velum lowers is higher (~1.5 times) than that of velum raising during production of all VCVs except /ana/ and /unu/, for which no significant difference is observed.