Our aim is to find a way of determining the geographical origin of Arabic speakers when speaking Standard Arabic. Different approaches are possible. A historical study has been carried out of the work done in the 8th and 10th centuries by grammarians of that time on the dialectal variability of ancient Arabic tribes. A phonological study was also indispensable to determine the status of variants, then perceptual tests were carried out to confirm the existence of dialectal marks. Finally, acoustic approaches enabled us to characterize the speaker on one hand and the geographical origin on the other hand.